bkoadbent



'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JNO. BROADBEN'I, OF OAK GROVE, KENTUCKY.

LOOM.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 13,382, dated August 7, 1855-.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BRoADBENT, of Oak Grove, in the county of Christian and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l, is a front view of a power loom with my improvements, the front of the frame and the breast beam being taken away to show the working parts and the harness and warp and other parts not necessary to explain the invention, being omitted. Fig. 2, is a vertical section ofthe same, in the plane of the line f, of Fig. 3. Fig. 8, is a plan of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

The principal feature of this invention consists in the employment instead of shuttle for putting the filling into the warp of two hooks or sets of hooks which enter the shed from opposite sides, the one to take a filling thread from a bobbin or one of a series of bobbins conveniently placed and carry it half way through the shed and the other advancing to the middle of the shed to meet it and take from it the thread, with which it retreats, thus drawing the filling entirely through the shed. All the other features of the invention are more or less subservient to this principal feature.

The invention is applicable to nearly all kinds of looms to be worked by hand or power, either for plain, fancy or figured goods or carpets, also looms for narrow weaving.

The advantages which the hooks possess over the shuttle consist: lst, in their running lighter and consequently requiring less power to drive them. 2nd, in their being less subject to wear and tear, the shuttle motion and its appendages being the most expensive part of a loom to keep in order. 3rd, in obviating the damage likely to occur by the shuttle flying from the loom. 4th,

.in seldom requiring the stoppage of the loom, which except in case of accident, which 1s not very liable to occur, would not require to be stopped for a whole day.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A, is the frame work of the loom; B, the lay; C, the crank shaft; D, the cam shaft. Near each end of the breast beam A', which is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, there are shown arranged, the bobbins a, a, from which the filling is taken. These bobbins, though shown thus arranged, may be placed on any other convenient portion of the framework at the sides of the loom; only one on each side being required for plain weaving'and all weaving where only one color is used, but for fancy or figured weaving, where more than one color is used, the number will be as many as the pattern may require. At the ends of the lay of the loom, occupying the position of the shuttle boxes of a common loom are two boards E, E', which are pivoted at I), b, near the ends of the lay so that they may be capable of a limited swinging movement back and forth. These boards have each attached to them two small standards b, b, which support a light horizontal rod b2, which forms a guide for one of the two stocks F, F of what I term the filling hooks, which are employed to put the filling into the warp. These stocks which are made of wood or any material combining strength and lightness are suspended from the aforesaid guide rods b2. There are three filling hooks c, c, (l, in each set attached to each stock F or F, two of which, c, c, may be termed delivering hooks, being employed to take the filling thread through the first half of the warp, holding it extended across them for the other hook el, of the other set to take it off and draw it through the remainder, when the said hooks pass one another in the center of the cloth and return again. The fillinO hooks should be of steel the receiving hooks cl, being attached to the extremity of the stock with the points turned back, and the delivering hooks c, c, being in front of the stocks with the points toward the center of the loom. The filling hooks are moved toward and from each other to give and take the filling threads, by means of picker staffs G, G, which work through slots in the boards E, E', operated by cams I-I, H, treadles S, S', and springs I, I, in a manner substantially like the picker staffs of some shuttle looms. The length of motion of the stocks F, F, is just sufficient to enable the receiving hook of one set to pass the delivery hook of the other and bring them back outside the selvage of the cloth. The

ends of the picker staffs enter a cavity in the stocks F, F', which they never leave and the filling hooks are driven across and pulled back again bythe picker staves and not thrown like shuttles. The filling is intended to be taken from one and the other sides of the loom alternately and in order to do this, each filling hook stock, by turns, re# quires to pass before the other, the operating receiving hook always being in front.

It is for the purpose of enabling the hooks to pass each other that the boards E, E, are made capable of swinging back and forth as before described. Each board is connected for the purpose-of being swung forward in its turn, with one end of a lever e, or e1, pivoted in front of it, by a pivot f, to the lay. The proper lever e, or e1, as

,the case may be, is operated upon every time the lay beats up to throw forward its set of filling hooks by striking against the end of a vibrating bar J, which is pivoted at the middle of its length by a pivot f1, to the center of the back side of the breast beam A, of the loom. This bar is shown .in Figs. 'z2 and 8, and is also shown in Fig. 1, in dotted outline, supposed to be in front of all the other parts. Vhichever end of this bar J, is depressed, is struck by the lever e, or e1, on the same side of the loom the other end being raised, is just missed by the other lever. Each end of the bar J, is depressed in turn by the action of one of two cams K, K1, on the shaft D, upon two treadles L, L1, which are connected by two transverse levers M, M1, with two levers N. N1, which connect by rods 7' r with opposite ends of the said bar. The set of hooks which is thrown forward by the lever e, or e', is locked in place during the retreat of the lay and until the lling is thrown through the shed, by means of one of two levers g, g, which are pivoted to the swords of the lay by pivots gf., gk, as shown in Fig. 1, and lay close to the swords. vWhile the lay is beating up, the upper ends of these levers are received and confined in recesses h, h1, in the backs of the boards, E, E1, but as soon as either of the boards is thrown forward, the upper end of the lever g, or g1, being no longer confined is thrown outward, as shown at g1, in Fig. 3, by means of a spring hf, see Fig. 1, which connects the lower ends of the two levers g, g1, together and thus prevents the board E1, falling back when the lay retracts. The board E, which is not thrown forward is held against the sword of the lay, and that E1, which is thrown forward is held against the lever g1, by means of a spring if, which connects the elbow levers Z, z, which are attached to the top of the lay and to the two boards E, E1. The lever is returned to its notch in the board to allow the board to fall back before the lay beat-s up, by the picker staff striking against a piece s, which. stands out forward from its inner side as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The proper thread of filling is given tothe filling hooks by means of what I term tending forks of which there are two, y', y'1, one over each filling hook. rlhe tending forks are each constructed of a light curved piece of steel and are attached to the front ends of two levers n, n1, which work on fulcra fnff, nf, secured to the lay and have springs o, 0, applied to their back ends to raise the forks. Between theVY forks and their fulcra, the levers n, n1, are connected by rods 0*, 0*, to the treadles L, L1, by which, every time the lay falls back after beating up the weft, one or the other of the forks, each in its regular turn, is thrown down to lead the proper thread of filling into a proper position to be caught by the delivering hooks at the same side of the loom.

In a loom for fancy or figured weaving the several threads of filling will be connected with a jacquard machine or some apparatus of similar character, to bring them in proper order into position to be caught by the tending fork to be given to the filling hooks. But in a loom for plain weaving nothing is necessary for this purpose but to arrange the threads properly in a fixed position to be caught by the tend-- ing forks. In the loom, represented, a jacquard machine is supposed to be employed though nothing more is shown than a few of the cords K, K, and one of the needles Z, by which the cords are drawn up, which will be sufficient to illustrate the invention. The cords are furnished with mails 1m, m, to receive the threads. All the filling threads not raised by the cords are missed by the tending fork when it descends but that which is raised, shown in orange tint /in Fig. 1, and in blue in Figs. 2 and 3, is caughtnear the selvage of the cloth by the hook which lays it directly in front of the delivering hooks. As soon as the thread is taken by the delivering hooks the tending fork is thrown up by the action of the spring o, the cam L, or L1 as the case may be, having by that time allowed the treadle to rise. The filling hooks in addition to the movement half way through the shed to deliver and receive and draw through the filling, have another sight movement which takes place as the filling is being beaten up, for the purpose o'f unhooking and releasing the filling last put in. This movement is toward the center of the warp and back again but only just far enough to enable the hooks to be drawn out of the loop and it is produced by a wedge piece p, secured to the picker staff, striking, just as the lay strikes up the weft, against the end of one of two tongues Q, g1, attached to the frame work A, of the loom. These tongues g, q1, are hung each on a pivot g* so that only the one on that side of the loom where the hook is to be withdrawn may be in an operative position, shown in Fig. l, the other hanging too low to be struck by the wedge on the picker stai. The proper tongue is raised to its operative position by allowing the tongues to rest in crooks rit, 1, in the two rods r, r1, as shown in dotted outline in Fig. l.

Having now described the several parts of my invention and their individual operations, I will proceed in conclusion to describe briefly the operation of throwing a shot of filling into the web, which will eX- plain the proper succession of the movements of the different parts. As the lay closes the last shot, one of the levers e, or e, suppose the lever e, at the left hand side of the loom, strikes the bar J, and throws forward the board E, and filling hook stockv F, and the lever g, immediately escaping from the notch it, falls into place to secure the filling hook stock in its forward position. At about the same moment the jacquard machine or its equivalent comes into operation and raises a thread of filling at the right hand end of the loom as shown in Fig. l, one end of the thread being supposed to be fast to the selvage of the cloth. As the lay begins to move back, the cam K, comes into operation and this throwing down the lever L', brings down the tending fork j, which places the thread across the front of the filling hook stock F. By this time the lay has been moved about half way back and the cams H, H, come into operation for the picker sta's to throw the filling hooks toward the center of the web. As the hooks advance to-ward each other, the right hand delivering hooks c, c, take the thread as shown in Fig. l, and with the thread eX- tended between them carry it far enough into the shed for the point of the hook CZ, to pass it. When the picker staffs have carried the filling hooks as far as necessary, they strike the lower ends of the levers g, g, and in so doing throw the end of g, opposite the notch L, and thus allow the board E and stock F, to fall back. By this falling back of the hook stock F, its receiving hook (Z, is enabled on the return of the picker staffs and filling hooks to catch the thread from the opposite delivering hooks c, o, and draw it in the form of a loop, through the shed in which it forms a double filling. The return of the filling hooks and drawing through of the iilling is completed some time before the lay beats up. Just as the lay beats up, t-he wedge piece p, of the picker G, strikes the tongue g, and gives the stock F, a sufiicient movement for its hook d, to

unhitch itself from the filling thread before the lay falls back again. At the same time that the hook j, was thrown down, the position of the bar J, was by the same means reversed, so that as the lay beats up, the .filling hook stock F', will be thrown forward ready for the neXt shot, which will be taken from one of the spools at the left hand side of the loom. The next pick is taken in the same manner but the operations of the parts belonging to opposite sides of the loom are all reversed.

In order to obviate the necessity of stopping the loom when the thread has all run off from one bobbin, the finishing' end of the thread on one is tied to the beginning end of the thread on another. In weaving colors, this will require duplicate bobbins of the same color on either side of the loom.

That I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

1. The insertion of the filling thread, by means of two hooks or sets of hooks, arranged to operate one on each side of the cloth, one to carry the filling thread to the middle of the shed, where it is met by the other which takes the thread from the first and returns with it, thus drawing the thread entirely through the warp, substantially as herein described.

2. The employment of the said two hooks or sets of hooks, each as a deliverer to give the thread to the other, and receiver to receive t-he thread from the other, alternately as herein described, by which means a good and fast selvage is made on both lists of the cloth.

3. The employment of two tending forks j, j, made of any form and arranged and operated in any manner substantially as described, to conduct the filling threads into proper positions to be caught by t-he delivein` ing filling hooks.

4. Giving the two filling hooks or sets of filling hooks each in turn a suflicient move ment laterally to the path in which they' move to insert the filling, for the purpose of enabling one to pass the other in the shed, to take from it the filling thread, substantially as herein described.

5. I claim giving the receiving hook a sufficient movement toward the'middle of the cloth after it has drawn the filling through and before the falling back of the lay, substantially as here-in set forth, to disengage it from the thread of filling which it has just drawn through.

JOHN BROADBENT.

Witnesses:

Jos. GEO. MASON, J. WV. CooMBs. 

